Best musical librettos

Best musical librettos. Welcome to /r/musicalscripts, a place to share scripts and libretti for musicals. The text of a dramatic musical work such as an opera, including the lyrics to be sung and sometimes interpolated spoken passages. The Music Library does not have full, complete scripts (all words including Apr 11, 2024 · Librettos of musicals are often called "books," "lyrics," or "texts" by writers on the genre in lieu of a term much more associated with operas. thrivecart. Welcome to the Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, which is devoted to the operas and other works of W. The story of Mark, Roger, Maureen, Tom Collins, Angel, Mimi, JoAnne, and their friends on the Lower East Side of New York City will live on, along with the affirmation that there is “no day but today. 1- 20 of 118 results. Broadway Musicals->Librettos. pdf" "No Frills Revue. Rosie: A five-dollar raise in 1954 and a bottle of Arpege last Christmas. Musical theatre for classical singers. In this article, we will embark on a journey to unveil the symbolism in Italian opera librettos, exploring the hidden meanings that lie beneath the surface. To order a perusal copy, you must first become an MTI customer. Arpege. Enjoy the beautiful sound of a world-class Grand Piano. This graph charts editions published on this subject. Wilhelm Richard Wagner (ˈvɑːɡnər/; German pronunciation: [ˈʁiçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ]; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and polemicist primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as they were later called). Please enable javascript before you are allowed to see this page. pdf" "Notre Jan 1, 2006 · The dean of Broadway musical directors examines the dynamics of how the book, music and lyrics work together to create such hits as My Fair Lady, Fiddler on the Roof, Guys and Dolls, Hair, Pal Joey, West Side Story, Company, South Pacific, Threepenny Opera and Porgy and Bess. Add to Cart. Feb 4, 2024 · The librettos, or the texts that accompany the music, are poetic narratives that add depth and richness to the operatic experience. The Brementown Musicians Libretto by Marcy Telles Music by Douglas Bowes. Product Compare 0. I hope that you will find this guide helpful for locating scores, libretti, and recordings. Aug 7, 2022 · and Musicals. Are these the best operas of all time? Uncover a world of classical music news, reviews and expert opinions with classical-music. maybe you could look to that as a model. Click HERE to view in Libby. pretty young virgin Philia. The translations convey as precisely as possible the meaning and nuances of the original texts. pdf" "My Favorite Year. plural librettos or libretti /-ti/ /ləˈbrɛti/. 2. Led by experienced vocal instructors and opera experts, our opera lessons provide a comprehensive foundation in vocal technique, repertoire, and performance skills. In addition to librettos (many with translations), OperaGlass at Stanford University also contains information on source texts and synopses. Mar 30, 2023 · 6. 1813–d. The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and Apr 1, 2024 · Music Scores: M1500: Full scores of operas and musicals: M1503: Vocal scores of operas and musicals: M1507: Anthologies from opera and musical theatre (some vocal selections) M1508: Vocal selections from musicals and operas: ML: Literature on Music: ML47-54. Last Updated: Feb 13, 2024 2:26 PM. MacMurray ; with plot summaries by Allison Brewster Franzetti. A libretto is the text which is paired with a dramatic musical work, and it is typically written in verse. " Feb 19, 2008 · #24 re: Published Musical Librettos Posted: 2/20/08 at 12:33pm. The list below includes all pages in the category "Librettos". 13,1883. By the 1820s, German opera drew increasingly on the rich Germanic literary heritage. Venice, Feb. On desktop/laptop computers, you can play chords and melodies using your keyboard or mouse. The other accessories included in the package are a clean cloth, finger cover, tuning hammer, study instruction booklet, and color stickers. Rent won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, as well as four Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best. The award goes to the producers of the winning musical. Cocktail (vocal score) v1845722. Libretto. 69) 2. Learn more. On mobile devices, simply touch the piano keys to play a note. Librettos refer to the words of a dramatic, sung work, such as an opera, a musical, or an oratorio. Recursive Arts Virtual Piano simulator is the ultimate online piano app that everyone can play. beattytheatre. Singer, actress. It is the drama at the heart of every musical. edu. Keep your sound and tempo under control Apr 22, 2022 · #MTWriterGuy #Writer #MusicalTheatreGrab your LIBRETTO FORMATTING GUIDE here:https://michaelradi. A superb new translation of one of the greatest nineteenth century poems: the libretto to Wagner's Ring cycle The scale and grandeur of Wagner's The Ring of the Nibelung has no precedent and no successor. not sure if they are still in print. A bawdy, fast-paced, raunchy comedy musical from one of the world's most influential and innovative creators of musical theatre, loosely based on the plays of Plautus. This usually refers to the music in the songs, but it can also include the underscoring for the scenes and even the dance music. -exploited the English love of choral music. : the words of an opera or musical. Opera Glass. A book containing such a text. Wagner wrote his own librettos, drawing on painstakingly researched historical models and many conceptual sources, progressing from prose sketches to completed librettos with extensive revision at every step. (Though there's still a lot to learn from Da Ponte. M982 2011 Tenor: M 1507 . Operalib. By Joshua Barone. See examples of LIBRETTO used in a sentence. b. & S. Sir Timothy Rice is an English lyricist who is best known for his collaborations with the likes of Andrew Lloyd Webber, Alan Menken, as well as Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA fame. Mar 1, 2024 · A series of four volumes with a mission to provide a reliable and authoritative source for scores of the classical canon, as well as a resource for the discovery of lesser-known contemporary works. A musical is eligible for consideration in a given year if it has li·bret·to. 14 Multiple choice questions. pdf" "New Girl In Town. However, the Words First program at New York City Opera is bringing renewed attention to the librettist. This guide connects researchers with primary and secondary resources by and relating to Bernstein, including digitized material. Welcome to /r/musicalscripts, a place to share scripts and libretti for…. This includes publications of the text of operatic and vocal works that omit the music. Moozica Kalimba. The Reuben is a legitimate Reuben, and probably my favorite, but there are probably a dozen sandwiches that are excellent, and a few that truly standout. (libretto) Cox and Box x3296107. See also Operas. Grid View Grid. . Belles of the Mill Book by Rachel Rubin Ladutke Music & Lyrics by Jill Marshall-Work. Spring Awakening. For the last decade, Heartbeat Opera has treated the classics like rough drafts: The scores of “Carmen” and “Madama The book (or libretto) is the script, the narrative structure that keeps the score from being nothing more than a disjointed medley of songs. The Sound of Music. A libretto is the text (the words) which are set to music to make an opera. Jan 22, 2014 · The Librettos - Lou Parun, Dave Diver, Brian Peacock, Rod Stone. April 4, 2024. 55 votes, 12 comments. Rejecting the equal temperament and concert traditions that have dominated western music, Harry Partch adopted the pure intervals of just intonation and devised a 43-tone-to-the-octave scale, which in turn forced him into inventing numerous musical instruments. A libretto can also be the words for an oratorio, cantata, mass or a musical. 1K subscribers in the musicalscripts community. 'booklet') is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. For each score or libretto listed below, the list includes shelf number, author, title and ISBN. I believe you can find these all (and more!) on r/ProshotMusicals . By providing online access to these items, the library makes primary source materials available for use at Harvard and around the world. the words that are sung…. [Italian, diminutive of libro, book, from Latin liber, libr-, inner bark of trees used as a Libretto. Librettos: Collections of song texts refer to the texts for individual songs, mostly independent art songs, but may come from an opera as well. Sort: Dale Wasserman wrote for theater, television, and film for more than fifty years and is best known for the musical Man of La Mancha, a multiple Tony Award winner. Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol adapted by Lee The 20 best operas of all time - Classical Music. -no longer had to deal with expensive and temperamental castrati and prima donnas. The composer's job has changed dramatically over time. Scenarios. Libretti accompany operas, musicals, masques, chorales, and a wide assortment of other forms of musical performance; they are quite simply the words which pair with the music to bring a story to life. The award is one of the ceremony's longest-standing awards, having been presented each year since 1949. Britannica Dictionary definition of LIBRETTO. It is set in the smoky mists of primeval time, in a land of gods, river nymphs, dwarfs, giants, dragons, and sword-wielding heroes. Buy new & used Broadway Musicals->Librettos Textbooks at Barnes & Noble®. c. A libretto (an English word derived from the Italian word libretto, lit. → Sort this list by work type, instrumentation, composer, and more. Jun 8, 2017 · McNally has been described as "a probing and enduring dramatist" and "one of the greatest contemporary playwrights the theater world has yet produced". 1883) was one of the most significant composers of the 19th century—or any era for that matter—and, as he would have been the first to point out, much more than that. Spring Awakening by Steven Sater and Duncan Sheik – A musical about adolescent sexuality and the consequences of repression. libretto: 1 n the words of an opera or musical play Type of: book , playscript , script a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance Feb 19, 2012 · Lysistrata Jones songwriter Lewis Flinn and librettist Douglas Carter Beane. Whether you’re look­ing to expand your knowl­edge beyond “kill the wab­bit” par­o­dies or expand your Ordering a Perusal. Great food here overall, folks are always friendly. A Metastasio libretto was on average made into almost 40 individual operas. Sandwiches are very, very good. pdf" "Nobody Messes with Liza. Having a character speak about something the audience hasn’t seen onstage can be enormously powerful, especially if you’ve starved your audience of such “offstage data” verbal tissue for a while (counterintuitively, the more Musical Librettos. However Google requires permission to get access to your collection. We asked two w Jan 8, 2024 · Librettos for musicals include the dialogue and lyrics; also known as "the book" of a musical. Javascript is required. 01. B53 2010a Duets & ensembles: M 1507 . Please, would you be so kind to allow me to get them? Thanks in advance. Texts. Jul 10, 2023 · Includes the librettos in Italian or German with English translations of the 7 most famous Mozart operas with authoritative historical introductions for each opera. Filter. For very recent productions we often have a resource with lyrics. PDF" "Nicholas Nickleby - Sel. Obviously, there are no hard-and-fast rules here. Amazing - thank you! Thanks!! Great share! Thanks! Thank you! incredibly late to this but holy shit i had no idea there was a libretto for the 1988 carrie, thank you so so much! 9. Kramer (with the black eye he received in Australia) at Wellington Town Hall, 1964. In the 1840s Richard Wagner (1813–1883) began to Apr 1, 2008 · Rent won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, as well as four Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book, and Best Score for Jonathan Larson. Nov 4, 2023 · The Music Division holds both modern and early editions of Mozart's music. It was established at Boise State University in 1993 and moved to its present home in 2016. Musical theater librettists play an important role in shaping the storylines, characters, and overall narrative of Broadway and other musical productions. 7. Metastasio’s heritage consists of 28 opera librettos, 8 librettos for oratorios, 36 for serenades and 37 for cantatas and is completed by a large number of songs, compliments, or works not intended for music like 32 sonnets, translations from Greek, spiritual poems or The Tony Award for Best Musical is given annually to the best new Broadway musical, as determined by Tony Award voters. He also wrote the stage play One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, based on Ken Kesey’s novel, which has won several Tony Awards. Because printed editions of the composer's music are both plentiful and easy to find using the Library of Congress Online Catalog, this page highlights 19th-century editions that have been digitized and made available through the Library's Digital Collections, early printed editions that are both rare and difficult to Jul 10, 2023 · Includes the librettos in Italian or German with English translations of the 7 most famous Mozart operas with authoritative historical introductions for each opera. This is the end of Almaelou Music Corporation! Almaelou may very well be a parody of Aldon Music, which would fit due to its major success being in the late 50s, and it's influence in music written for teen girls at the time. Reefer Madness. The Librettos was a New Zealand pop/R&B group, active from 1960 to 1966. ). probably best to order through them. 99. High voice: M 3. /ləˈbrɛtoʊ/. M 1507 . B66 1996. Jul 8, 2023 · A libretto is a textual companion to a dramatic musical work, and it’s typically written in verse. Matthew Passion Prelude Becomes Present The Loeb Music Library digitizes scores and libretti selected for their rare or unique natures and their popularity as objects of research and teaching. 3 23 Cellier, Alfred. Shelved At Music & Dance Library. Click here to skip the chart. "Music Man, The MTI. Jun 18, 2015 · Conductor, composer, pianist, and educator Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) was a 20th-century American music icon. M98 2011 Mezzo-soprano: M 1507 . The form reached its pinnacle in 1791 with Die Zauberflöte ( The Magic Flute) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), who was equally successful with his Italian-style operas, such as Don Giovanni (1787). com/libretto-formatting-guide/Let’s walk through May 18, 2018 · Wagner, (Wilhelm) Richard, great German composer whose operas, written to his own librettos, have radically transformed the concept of stage music, postulating the inherent equality of dramatic and symphonic writing and establishing the uninterrupted continuity of the action; b. Dec 17, 2019 · The Composer. The word “libretto” comes from the Italian word “libro,” which means “little Nov 7, 2011 · Reprint of 3 publications, all published in 1939 by Crown Publishers, New York: The Authentic librettos of the Wagner operas; The Authentic librettos of the French and German operas; and The Authentic librettos of the Italian operas Musical excerpts in piano-vocal score A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. Mary Poppins. Now both veteran and new fans can catch all the nuances of the quick moving wit, satire and wisdom often missed during performances and on recordings. M983 2011 Baritone/bass: M Apr 12, 2016 · A backstage pass to the groundbreaking, hit musical Hamilton, winner of the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Eleven Tony Awards, including Best Musical, including the award-winning libretto, behind-the-scenes photos and interviews, and exclusive footnotes from composer-lyricist-star Lin-Manuel Miranda, now streaming on Disney+ with the Thanks a lot for sharing them. 145 Burnard, Françoise. Into the Woods. Mar 14, 2024 · A musical anthology. The Gesamtkunstwerk or “total artwork,” one of his most famous coinages, referred initially to the model of ancient Greek drama he wished to libretto. Wagner viewed the work as a fairy tale, a harmless fantasy that had no relevance to contemporary life. It can also refer to the text of significant liturgical works, such as the Mass, sacred cantata, or requiem. He has written the lyrics for over a dozen hit West End musicals, such as ‘Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Jan 6, 2019 · The best librettos sit toward the left side of the spectrum. pdf" "Musical Of Musicals - The Musical. 1. 180,917. ) It is important to emphasize that the libretto is much more than just the Nov 10, 2009 · On cover: Librettos of the Italian operas. To enrich the experience, a short synopsis precedes each libretto. com a. noun. At the Rotorua Ritz Ballroom. The person who writes the libretto is called a librettist. Leipzig, May 22,1813; d. These are just ones that I’ve seen and personally recommend (I’ve seen others but they weren’t as enjoyable as the ones I’ve mentioned). Both shows continue to be produced nationally and Aug 29, 2019 · 4 – Sir Tim Rice. nature of opera, the orchestra, the demands on singers and on the T he libretto of a show consists of all the words. The collections encompass all major classical musical genres and time periods from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. S. B53 2010b. (Currently $11. Massenet (Robert Frone) Russian vocal texts (at this site) Verdi (Fondazione Verdi Festival) Libretto Pages (Italian and Spanish operas, a-aamodt@online. Nov 18, 2020 · Explore the rich and varied music of Richard Strauss, a composer who spanned two world wars and created unforgettable operas, songs and film scores. Along the X axis is time, and on the y axis is the count of editions published. 101 Opera Librettos is indispensable for opera lovers and everyone curious about the literary richness of the worlds most beloved vocal musical performances. But "librettos" remains the standard subject search term. ) x3561420. Features the complete script and song lyrics, with 4-color spot illustrations throughout, an original introduction by the creators, and a foreword by Mark Harris. a lot of the Sam French catalog is available for purchase. Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for Feb 21, 2024 · Librettos for musicals include the dialogue and lyrics; also known as "the book" of a musical. www. (The Italian plural is libretti, but in English they are usually called librettos. Feb 13, 2024 · The book of 101 opera librettos : complete original language texts with English translations by edited by Jessica M. In the early 20th Century, the main point of most musicals was to showcase a score and/or a major star. The Beauty Stone (with Sullivan, A. The pizza at Librettos is good, but the best part of this place is the deli. It preoccupied Wagner for much of his adult life and revolutionized the. List View List. He has received the Tony Award for Best Play for Love! Valour! Compassion! and Master Class, as well as the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for Kiss of the Spider Woman and Ragtime. ” Jan 10, 1996 · The text is presented in its original language as well as in an English translation. Dreamgirls. The word “libretto” (plural: “libretti” or “librettos”) is an Italian word which means “little book”. Excellence in Vocal Training. 9. [count] formal. 144 Carr, C. (lĭ-brĕt′ō) n. Apr 26, 2024 · Song Texts vs. Oct 11, 2023 · Another great aspect of this kalimba is the waterproof EVA case which allows you to carry the instrument around safely. com. & Pinero, A. 4K subscribers in the musicalscripts community. None found. li·bret·tos or li·bret·ti (-brĕt′ē) 1. During the early days of American musical theater, the mid to late 19th century, many Jan 9, 1998 · This ultimate book for the millions of Gilbert & Sullivan fans across the country offers the complete text and lyrics of all the operettas of this most original, creative and much-loved musical team. . Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. Whether you’re a first-time listener, a musician, or a scholar, Emmanuel Music offers meaningful opportunities to engage with the works of Bach and composers he inspired. Feb 21, 2024 · If you need further assistance, my office can be found in 112 Baird Hall. French operas (Robert Frone) Gilbert and Sullivan Archive. the words that are sung or spoken in a musical work for the theatre 2. 1 . Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for LIBRETTO meaning: 1. d. ) Total amount you can save by borrowing these musical theatre books from Libby: $76. Walters, Richard, ed. pdf" "My One and Only. Veteran book writer Peter Stone, writer of 12 Broadway musicals including 1776 and Titanic, once advised playwright Apr 4, 2024 · George Etheredge for The New York Times. April 21, 1949 (Northport, NY) After training at Julliard and in The Actor's Company, LuPone had featured roles in the admired flop musicals Robber Bridegroom (1975), Baker's Wife (1976) – where she introduced Stephen Schwartz's "Meadowlark" – and Working (1978). P84 199-Walters, Richard, ed. Call Number: ML48 . So, let’s dig deeper into the fascinating world of libretto! Image of the cover page of the libretto of the Feb 15, 2020 · Includes musical excerpts in piano-vocal score Flying Dutchman -- Tannhäuser -- Lohengrin -- The Rhinegold -- Die Walküre -- Siegfried -- Götterdämmerung -- Tristan and Isolde -- Die Meistersinger -- Parsifal Jun 13, 2023 · The Book of Mormon Script Book by Trey Parker; Robert Lopez; Matt Stone The only official companion book to the Tony Award winner for Best Musical from the creators of South Park and the co-creator of Avenue Q. They were one of New Zealand's most popular bands in 1964-65, and after relocating to Sydney they gained recognition in Australia for their polished live performances and their 1966 version of the Paul Revere & The Raiders song "Kicks". The Librettos with UK popster Billy J. The Rodgers & Hammerstein shows have all been published, both individually and in compilations. Best of luck and if you have any questions please contact me. For more in-depth consultations, please feel free to contact me for an appointment. Pseudolus, a simpering slave, is trying to win his own freedom by cooking up a romance for his master's son, Hero, with the. Study librettos of existing operas, especially contemporary ones and English-language ones. LIBRETTO meaning: the words of an opera or musical. Spooky Mormon Hell dream now! [Price is dragged around by the demons and finally collapses] Spooky Mormon Hell dream done! [fade to black] [Back at the Mormon building the missionaries lay Price down and wait for him to wake up] McKinley: I think he's coming to. Ship them straight to your home or dorm, or buy online and pick up in store! Nonethe­less the Opera Data­base has some­thing for every­one, from the opera-curi­ous to the opera-adept, with a sep­a­rate aria data­base that allows users to search voice types from bass to sopra­no in twelve lan­guages. -eliminated expensive sets and costumes. Librettos are often published by themselves, and the Music Library has many librettos for older repertory. pl. Nov 21, 2012 · Richard Wagner (b. $16. pdf" "My Fair Lady. The composer is the person who creates the music for the show. Jun 2, 2000 · Bitter Music collects writings by one of the twentieth century's great musical iconoclasts. Several members of the group went on Feb 13, 2022 · Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2022-02-13 01:08:26 Associated-names MacMurray, Jessica M; Franzetti, Allison Brewster Jan 26, 2024 · The Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek entire collection of over 5,600 libretti from operas, oratorios, and ballets has been digitized. Photo credit: Rod Stone collection. This is a chart to show the publishing history of editions of works about this subject. May 11, 2011 · Composers get the lion’s share of the glory in the opera world. Performances 23/24 Season This Week's Cantata Cantata Schedule Bachfest in Boston Bachfest Leipzig 2024 Lindsey Chapel Series St. If you’re an existing customer, simply click the “Request Perusal” on the relevant show page and you’ll be taken to the Mar 6, 2024 · Last Modified Date: March 06, 2024. ) Consider taking voice lessons yourself; even if you don't aspire to become an opera singer it will help to know the technique that goes into interpreting and performing (vowels, breath support LuPone, Patti. Sites with libretti associated with specific composers or groups. B53 2010 Medium/low voice: M 3. Auden and Kallman's Rake's Progress (Stravinsky) is probably the libretto written by the single strongest English 1 day ago · At Angels Music Academy, we believe in nurturing talent and fostering a deep appreciation for this timeless art form. A “Perusal” is an advanced copy of the libretto or script to read and determine if a show is good for your theater and audiences. Oct 12, 2000 · Other configurations. In musical theater, these are often called "books. pdf" "Nine. 6 BBC A G. Written on Skin and Lessons in Love and Violence (Crimp for Benjamin) were written by one of the strongest living dramatists in the language. pdf" "Nick and Nora. 3 days ago · A libretto is a term used to describe the text or script of an extended musical work like an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata, or musical. the musical theater scores wiki currently has a pinned post with 7 or 8 score collections organized on various Web platforms (Google drive, OneDrive, Mega, Etc. All musicals & plays with music (in alphabetical order): And All His Songs Were Sad By Mattie Lennon Music & Lyrics by Sean McCarthy. Addeddate 2009-11-10 15:11:57 Bookplateleaf 0004 Boxid Spoo-ooo-ooo-ky. It’s the vital ingredient that breathes life into operas, musicals, chorales, and various other forms of musical performances. The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet. Adaptation Librettist: Specializes in adapting existing works, such as novels, plays, or films, into librettos for operas or musicals. Bernstein theatre songs. English, French, German, and Russian librettos. pdf" "Newsies. pdf" "No, No Nannette. Wagner wrote not only the music, but the librettos as well. Term. Wagner's main narrative source for Tristan and Isolde was the epic Tristan by 13th-century poet Gottfried von Strassburg. The buttons on the left will take you to the resources we have relating to the fourteen operas on which Jun 13, 2023 · The Book of Mormon Script Book by Trey Parker; Robert Lopez; Matt Stone The only official companion book to the Tony Award winner for Best Musical from the creators of South Park and the co-creator of Avenue Q. no) Song translations at Zarzuela! Chicago. pdf" "Myths and Hymns - Piano Score. (3. Thanks to Andy Shackleton. Libretto is a term from opera, an Italian word meaning “little book,” and the libretto of a musical is often called the book. [to Price] Come on, Elder Price. -appealed to the religious attitudes of Puritan and Methodist citizens, a larger potential audience than the aristocracy. Peter Grimes, Death in Venice, and Midsummer Night's Dream (for Britten) are excellent. 8: Librettos. 99 on Amazon . Soprano: M 1507 . Sweeney Todd. The books of these Broadway musicals were a series of Libretto definition: the text or words of an opera or similar extended musical composition. ie xs dw yt ii go rn mb av uz